Strategic HR Practices and Organizational Resilience in Digital Transformation: The Mediating Role of Employee Psychological Capital and the Moderating Role of Urbanization Level

Abstract

This study explores the impact of strategic HR practices on organizational resilience amid digital transformation, examining the mediating effect of employee psychological capital and moderating role of urbanization level. Based on social exchange theory and conservation of resources theory, 523 valid samples from 127 enterprises across 15 cities were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Results indicate strategic HR practices (training, performance management, empowerment) positively predict organizational resilience; psychological capital partially mediates this relationship. Higher urbanization strengthens the positive effect of strategic HR practices on psychological capital. This enriches strategic HR and organizational resilience literature, providing practical implications for enterprises in different urban contexts.